The Tiji Festival, also known as Tenchi, is a sacred Buddhist ritual celebrated in Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang. The name comes from Tenpa Chirim, meaning “benefit of Buddha’s teachings and all sentient beings.” The festival is based on the meditation practice of Vajrakila (also called Dorje Phurba or Vajrakumar), a powerful deity in Vajrayana Buddhism known for removing negative forces.

This practice was brought to Tibet in the 8th century by great masters like Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra, and Nepalese master Shilamanju. The sacred dance associated with Vajrakila was taught by Padmasambhava at Samye Monastery.

Tiji Festival began in the early 15th century, introduced by Khenchen Sonam Lhundrup, son of Mustang's second king. It was revived in the 17th century by King Samdup Rabten and Sakya master Ngawang Kunga Sonam, who performed special Vajrakila rituals for peace and protection. In 1963, the tradition was restored again.

Tiji is held annually from the 26th to 29th of the third month in the Tibetan calendar. It includes sacred dances performed by monks who prepare through three months of retreat. The dance shows Vajrakila defeating negative energies, bringing peace and harmony.

Each dance step symbolizes parts of the meditation. Watching the ritual with faith is believed to remove obstacles and bring good fortune. On the final day, religious cakes are thrown away to banish negativity, based on astrological guidance.The festival also features local cultural shows by students and youth, showcasing Mustang's rich heritage. Tiji is more than a ritual—it is a prayer for peace, prosperity, and harmony for all beings.